Global Warming: The primary reasons for plantation in Upper Mustang are:

High altitude and arid climate: The high altitude and low rainfall make it diffecult for natural vegetation to thrive. Plantation can help to establish and maintaain green cover.

Soil erosion: The dry, loose soil is susceptible to erosion, especially during strong winds. Trees and plants can help to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion.

Limited water resources: While there are some water sources in Upper Mustang, they are limited. Plantation can help to conserve water by reducing evaporation and improving soil moisture retention.

Biodiversity conservation: Plantation can help to restore and maintain biodiversity in the region by providing habitat for various plant and animal species.

Community development: Plantation can create employment opportunities for local communities and contribute to the region's economy.

Climate change mitigation: Trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, and help to mitigate the effects of climate change.

While other factors like tourism and transportation may impact the environment, the core reasons for plantation in Upper Mustang are primarily related to the region's unique ecological conditions.